quinta-feira, 4 de janeiro de 2024

UCLondon researchers unveil GPT-4's remarkable ability to generate manuscripts with critical insights in under 60 minutes


A recent article was featured in Nature revealing groundbreaking research conducted by Carnegie Mellon University researchers. The study showcased the utilization of GPT-4 in orchestrating complex chemical reactions through a robotic laboratory setup. This innovative system not only designs and codes but also executes various reactions (on its own) leading to the creation of compounds https://pachecotorgal.com/2024/01/03/gpt-4-projecta-planeia-e-executa-experiencias-complexas-sem-ajuda/

Building on this significant development, a recent article from UCLondon researchers, published yesterday, provides additional insights, shedding light on the impactful contributions of GPT-4 to the realm of scientific exploration: 
"We tasked GPT-4... to write an original...manuscript, on a topic that is itself novel. It was able to conceive a research hypothesis, define an experimental protocol, produce photo-realistic images of printlets, generate believable analytical data from a range of instruments and write a convincing publication-ready manuscript with evidence of critical interpretation. The model achieved all this in less than 1h" 

PS - In a recent article highlighted by The Economist, it was forecasted that generative AI is set to 'radically accelerate the pace of scientific discovery.' Nevertheless, the aforementioned magnitude of this acceleration may currently seem excessively exaggerated https://19-pacheco-torgal-19.blogspot.com/2023/09/the-economist-ai-can-accelerate.html

domingo, 31 de dezembro de 2023

O verdadeiro valor da vida, a inter-relação entre conquistas científicas e a moralidade no legado académico

 


Como fiz há um ano atrás, vide post acessível no link acima, volto novamente a citar o Miguel Esteves Cardoso, que ontem escreveu na página 11 do jornal Público o seguinte:
...Ser rico é poder poupar tempo e depois esbanjá-lo. Poupa-se tempo pagando aos pobres para fazer as tarefas que comem o tempo a toda a gente: as tarefas cronófagas. Os ricos compram, com o dinheiro que têm a mais, o tempo dos pobres, que são obrigados a vender o tempo deles, para ganhar o dinheiro suficiente para sobreviver. Parece que estão a entregar e a receber dinheiro, mas o dinheiro é para disfarçar: estão é a trocar tempo. O rico compra tempo ao pobre e o pobre fica sem ele...”

Compare-se esse interessante texto, com um estudo (sobre a compra do tempo e o aumento da felicidade) que envolveu mais de 6000 pessoas em vários países, que divulguei em Julho de 2017, email abaixo, e também com aquilo que antes disso já tinha sido dito pelo Ex-Presidente do Uruguai, vertido no referido email, tendo a esse na altura anexado um outro email, não menos interessante, de Outubro de 2016, sobre como pretendem os académicos ser lembrados, depois que o tempo das vidas deles tiver acabado. 

PS – No presente contexto talvez valha a pena revisitar o post “Porque é que uma vida com significado é impossível sem sofrimento?” https://19-pacheco-torgal-19.blogspot.com/2022/07/porque-e-que-uma-vida-com-significado-e.html



De: F. Pacheco Torgal
Enviado: 26 de Julho de 2017 7:57
Assunto: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences__"Buying time promotes happiness"

Abstract: “Around the world, increases in wealth have produced an unintended consequence: a rising sense of time scarcity. We  provide evidence that using money to buy time can provide a buffer against this time famine, thereby promoting happiness. Using large, diverse samples from the United States, Canada, Denmark, and The Netherlands (n = 6,271), we show that individuals who spend money on time-saving services report greater life satisfaction. A field experiment provides causal evidence that working adults report greater happiness after spending money on a time-saving purchase than on a material purchase. Together, these results suggest that using money to buy time can protect people from the detrimental effects of time pressure on life satisfaction”  https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1706541114

Strangely, a few years ago, José Mujica former President of Uruguay (2010-2015) made a brief statement that accurately reflects this finding "when we buy something, we are not paying it with money we are paying with the time of our lives and its terrible to waste life losing freedom"



De: F. Pacheco Torgal
Enviado: 27 de Outubro de 2016 8:26
Assunto: Honor in the Academic Profession: How Professors Want to be Remembered by Colleagues

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/612675/summary 

60 physicists of all ages working at a range of U.S. universities were interviewed in person by the author about multiple aspects of their careers, including the scientists’ aspirations, assessments of their achievements and failures, and conceptions of future and “immortalized” selves. Interviews from which the present work was drawn averaged 90 minutes in length...For the present work, attention is focused on a specific question asked of the respondents: “How would you like to be remembered by your colleagues?

desires to be remembered by colleagues on principally professional terms increase as institutional prestige increases. By contrast, desires to be remembered on principally personal terms increase as institutional prestige declines...As age increases, desire to be remembered on principally professional terms declines; and the desire to be remembered on principally personal terms intensifies. What is more, as age increases, the percentage of scientists “not caring” about how colleagues remember them increases. The percentage of scientists not caring about how their colleagues remember them, combined with the percentage of those desiring remembrance in personal ways, is particularly striking in the eldest cohort, where the attenuation of professional emphases is most pronounced. Great scientific achievement—even in an era of modern science—has been connoted with “unlocking the mind of God”(Paul, 1980).    In an absence of great achievement, morality preserves a route to salvation, identifying

 how people can orient themselves to the “good” (Stets, 2010). In addition, it always marks sacrifice, as though to say: “Look at what I gave up, so that others could prosper.” By invoking claims to a moral status, a scientist—relegated to a location peripheral to the major activity at the center of science—provides an excuse as well as an explanation for not having fully realized one’s own ego. Remembered as “being good” by others in the profession thus becomes compensation for comparative failure...Morality, because it is the embodiment of virtue, is a protected status. 

sábado, 30 de dezembro de 2023

Unveiling the true currency of life, the interplay between scientific achievement and morality in academic legacy

 

Today, the esteemed Portuguese author Miguel Esteves Cardoso, aged 68, eloquently penned the following words in Publico, a distinguished Portuguese newspaper:
"...true wealth lies in the ability to conserve time and then indulge in its expenditure. The affluent save time for themselves, while the less fortunate are left with the burden of time-consuming tasks that consume the hours of everyone: the chronophagous endeavors. The wealthy, with their surplus of resources, purchase the time of those less privileged, who are compelled to trade their time for income merely to subsist. Although it may appear to be a transaction of money, it is, in essence, an exchange of time. The affluent acquire time for the disadvantaged, leaving the latter without it..."

Contrast this thought-provoking excerpt with a compelling study on the acquisition of time and its impact on happiness published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (see email below of July 2017) the study engaged over 6000 participants from diverse countries. Consider also the insights shared by a former Uruguayan president in the same email. This correspondence is complemented by another email from October 2016, exploring the aspirations of academics regarding their legacy once their scholarly journeys conclude. 

PS - In the present context is it worth revisiting the previous post "The best of times, the worst of times, and the times that we no longer have" 



De: F. Pacheco Torgal

Enviado: 26 de Julho de 2017 7:57
Assunto: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences__"Buying time promotes happiness"

Abstract: “Around the world, increases in wealth have produced an unintended consequence: a rising sense of time scarcity. We  provide evidence that using money to buy time can provide a buffer against this time famine, thereby promoting happiness. Using large, diverse samples from the United States, Canada, Denmark, and The Netherlands (n = 6,271), we show that individuals who spend money on time-saving services report greater life satisfaction. A field experiment provides causal evidence that working adults report greater happiness after spending money on a time-saving purchase than on a material purchase. Together, these results suggest that using money to buy time can protect people from the detrimental effects of time pressure on life satisfaction”https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1706541114

Strangely, a few years ago, José Mujica former President of Uruguay (2010-2015) made a brief statement that accurately reflects this finding "when we buy something, we are not paying it with money we are paying with the time of our lives and its terrible to waste life losing freedom"



De: F. Pacheco Torgal
Enviado: 27 de Outubro de 2016 8:26
Assunto: Honor in the Academic Profession: How Professors Want to be Remembered by Colleagues

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/612675/summary 

60 physicists of all ages working at a range of U.S. universities were interviewed in person by the author about multiple aspects of their careers, including the scientists’ aspirations, assessments of their achievements and failures, and conceptions of future and “immortalized” selves. Interviews from which the present work was drawn averaged 90 minutes in length...For the present work, attention is focused on a specific question asked of the respondents: “How would you like to be remembered by your colleagues?

desires to be remembered by colleagues on principally professional terms increase as institutional prestige increases. By contrast, desires to be remembered on principally personal terms increase as institutional prestige declines...As age increases, desire to be remembered on principally professional terms declines; and the desire to be remembered on principally personal terms intensifies. What is more, as age increases, the percentage of scientists “not caring” about how colleagues remember them increases. The percentage of scientists not caring about how their colleagues remember them, combined with the percentage of those desiring remembrance in personal ways, is particularly striking in the eldest cohort, where the attenuation of professional emphases is most pronounced. Great scientific achievement—even in an era of modern science—has been connoted with “unlocking the mind of God”(Paul, 1980).    In an absence of great achievement, morality preserves a route to salvation, identifying

 how people can orient themselves to the “good” (Stets, 2010). In addition, it always marks sacrifice, as though to say: “Look at what I gave up, so that others could prosper.” By invoking claims to a moral status, a scientist—relegated to a location peripheral to the major activity at the center of science—provides an excuse as well as an explanation for not having fully realized one’s own ego. Remembered as “being good” by others in the profession thus becomes compensation for comparative failure...Morality, because it is the embodiment of virtue, is a protected status.