Rooted in the most progressive theories of learning, the Ambush Teaching Method (ATM) emerges as a bold, future-forward model for 21st-century higher education—particularly in fields demanding sharp critical thinking, rapid-fire decision-making, and deep collaborative reflection. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931720425001023
The ATM blends five educational theories into concise, high-impact sessions that turn standard lectures into immersive experiences. Based on Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle, it starts with rapid clinical scenarios that engage junior doctors in fast decision-making. Learners then review anonymous peer responses, reflect on different approaches, and receive expert feedback that connects cases to key neurosurgical concepts. They mentally rehearse applying insights in real after-hours situations. Cognitive Load Theory shapes ATM by reducing distractions, adjusting difficulty to the learner’s level, and introducing twists that deepen understanding. Vygotsky’s Social Constructivism supports peer review as a scaffold for co-constructing knowledge just beyond solo ability. Self-Determination Theory informs its design through immediate feedback, anonymous participation, and shared reflection. A 360-degree feedback loop—combining self, peer, and instructor input—provides a well-rounded view of performance.